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Vision-language models are highly susceptible to adversarial image perturbations, with attacks transferring across models (GPT-4V, Gemini Pro, LLaVA) at 43-74% success rates.

Deepfake fraud against financial institutions hit $2.1B in Q1 2026, driven by commoditised real-time face-swap and voice-cloning tools now available for under $50/month.

Query-efficient model extraction attacks against commercial LLM APIs: how adversaries reconstruct a functional shadow model using only input-output pairs, and how to defend.